SHORTCUTS: Ideal Environment, How to Plant, How to Water, Companion Planting, How to Propagate, How to Harvest, Parts Used, Preparations, Uses, Key Constituents, Key Actions, Research.
Aspalathus linearis
FAMILY FABACEAE
InformationRooibos (meaning Redbush) is a shrub with needle-like leaves that can grow up to 2 metres in height. The Rooibos plant is endemic to a small part of the Western Cape in South Africa, forming part of the fynbos biome. It grows in a symbiotic relationship with local micro-organisms and according apparently difficult to grow elsewhere.
Ideal Environment
The native environment for Rooibos has a unique temperature range which drops to freezing in the winter, and reaches up to 48°C in the summer, similar to a Mediterranean climate. The plant prefers deep coarse acidic sandy soil and they do not get irrigation in order to stimulate drought conditions.
How to Plant
Rooibos can be grown from seed and planted in the late summer or spring, commercial growers germinate seeds in greenhouses and plant them out into the fields after four months during autumn. Seeds need to be scarifiedby cutting the seed coat using abrasion or thermal stress to encourage germination.
How to Water
According to various sources Rooibos is not watered very often to stimulate drought conditions, the best rooibos is said to come from areas with lower rainfall. Areas where Rooibos is cultivated typically have a winter rainfall between 200 mm and 400 mm per year
Companion Planting
Look for plants that prefer similar soil and water conditions. One commercial grower uses crop rotation with oats to return nutrients to the fields.
Here are the Companion Plants by group: Herbs, Flowers, Trees, Vegetables, Berries, Fruit and Mushrooms
How to Propagate
Propagation through seed is most common although root cuttings can be done from semi-woody cuttings in early spring.
How to Harvest
Rooibos is harvested once a year during the summer but cutting the young branches, chopping them finely, watering and airing. The branches are then left to “sweat” in heaps so it develops the characteristically reddish color and sweet flavor. After sweating the tea is dried in the sun.
Parts Used
The leaves and twigs are used.
Preparations
Rooibos is taken as an infusion, a warm tea with or without milk and honey or sugar. Rooibos also makes great iced tea.
Uses
It is a popular health drink because it contains no harmful substances or caffeine. It is also used as a milk substitute for infants who are prone to colic. There is also evidence that the flavonoids contribute to a reduction in heart disease and other ailments. (21)
Key Constituents
C-glucoside dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin amongst others. (21)
Key Actions
Antispasmodic, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-ageing effects. (21)
Research
Animal studies show that rooibos has potent antioxidant, immune-modulating and chemopreventive effects. A review found no documentation of adverse side effects of consuming rooibos tea. (22)
USEFUL LINKS: About the Growing Guides, The Medicine Garden, Companion Plants, Basic Preparations and Plant Constituents. Disclaimer. References.
